Several examples of models are shown lower down this page. Researchers develop these models by looking at one or more cities, and then drawing a simplified version of the land use pattern that they find in most situations. In urban studies, models are often used to show how land use varies across a city. They are usually created when researchers look at several examples of something, and identify the common elements. Models are simplified versions of reality. At the most basic level, models describe, while theories explain. Many people use them as synonyms, but there are important differences between the two. Models and theories are often confused for one another. Model versus theory: what’s the difference? The theory of bid rent is explained elsewhere on this site. Variations in urban land use are shown using geographical models, and can be explained by theories including ‘bid rent’. This vertical variation is greatest in the Central Business District (see the separate page on economic activity in the CBD). For example, there might be a residential tower block above a shopping mall. It’s important to recognise that as well as a horizontal ground level variation in land use, there can also be a vertical variation. Urban land use is generally described as the land use at ground level.
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